If you live in an area like Point Loma where there is constant relative humidity, then you should always be on the lookout for potential mold problems, experts say.
Commonly called mildew, molds are a subset of fungi that produce fluffy or powdery growth on surfaces. Factors that influence the distribution of molds are moisture, proper nutrients, temperature and light. A relative humidity (RH) level of greater than 55 percent promotes the growth of mold and other fungi.
Although relative humidity remains fairly consistent outside, it fluctuates drastically inside as a result of being altered by artificial heating and cooling. It is critical to closely monitor the relative humidity level in various parts of your home or building, since relative humidity can also vary from room to room.
WHERE IT HIDES
Mold is common beneath bathroom and kitchen sinks, wallpaper and around window frames. Many mold problems originate as a result of some kind of water intrusion, especially those that are not resolved quickly. Pipe leaks are common culprits since they provide plenty of moisture and are often undetected. By the time leaks are discovered it is often too late since the mold will have had ample time to grow in places such as basements and crawl spaces, which tend to receive less ventilation while also being cooler.
“In order to keep your home or building healthy, you really should inspect for yourself,” said Mike Jacobson, certified microbial inspector of First in Technology. “Sniff around and keep on the look out for specific things that tell you there may be a water leak somewhere.”
Yellowish stains on walls and ceilings are signs of excessive moisture. In more obvious cases, the wall or ceiling may have a green, brown, or black discoloration to it. You may also notice places where wood is warped or paint is coming off or bowing out. The increased moisture and common presence of tile in bathrooms are each highly conducive to the proliferation of mold colonies, while rusting on pipes is also a sign of a high humidity problem or nearby leak.
HEALTH EFFECTS
According to a 1999 Mayo Clinic study, nearly all chronic sinus infections (afflicting about 37 million Americans) are a result of mold. Toxic black mold, or Stachybotrys, and other fungi produce Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) during the process of degrading substances to obtain nutrition. The VOCs are the cause of the typical “musty” smell commonly associated with fungal contamination. Exposure to high levels of VOCs may irritate the mucous membranes and the central nervous system leading to headaches, decreased attention span, difficulty in concentration and dizziness. The most common symptoms of an allergic response to increased levels of mold range from runny noses, itchy and watery eyes, coughing, sneezing and throat irritation to more severe symptoms caused by chronic conditions such as sinusitis and asthma.
“I feel confidant in saying that mold is never safe, even in small amounts, and home is definitely healthier without it around,” said Dr. Gregory Andre, pediatrician at Mid City Clinic. “Mold spores are so dangerous, especially to infants and children, and must be prevented.”
PREVENTION
There are a variety of sampling techniques sold at home improvement stores that can be used to help determine whether or not there are excessive levels of mold. Mold tests take samples from the air or surfaces, however, mold tests by themselves cannot give you the full picture. Since they can be expensive and usually tell you only what you already know, it is usually best to call a professional.
“San Diego is a perfect place for mold growth and since it has been raining so much recently, I have been called to homes, many on canyons, with the same question asked, “How can I get rid of mold and stop it from coming back?”‘ Jacobson said.
You can prevent water from collecting around the foundation of your home and seeping up through the walls, making sure that the ground slopes away from the foundation. Ensure the floor is well ventilated and walls are properly sealed against moisture entry. Also, insulate your home properly. Direct all surface rainwater away from the home through drainpipes, culverts and French drains.
It is suggested to have your roof inspected at least twice a year, especially proceeding harsh weather conditions and between seasons. Roofs will weather in heat and become dry and brittle making it is more likely to split and leak. Using a sealant around windows ensures that they are air tight and protected from moisture. Maintaining clean rain gutters also helps.
KILLING IT
If mold is found, begin clean up with a solution of soap, bleach and water immediately. The use of dehumidifiers and an air purifier or Ionizer to minimize the airborne particulates may be necessary. Make sure to use a mask that covers mouth and nose while protecting clothing during cleaning up.
“The key factor in limiting mold exposure indoors is to prevent its growth through moisture control, maintenance and proper cleaning methods,” Jacobson said.
If you are renting your home and mold is found, contact your landlord immediately. An inspector must have permission from the homeowner to visit the site, but may advise you on how to care for the situation legally if the landlord is not willing to cooperate.
For more information on mold clean up, prevention, renter’s rights and your health, visit at www.co.san-diego.ca.us/deh/fhd/housing.html.